⇒⇒  Past Perfect

a.  He was extremely tired because he had just arrived from India.

b.  Mary decided to take a bus because she had spent all her money at the Mall.

Explicação:

⇒⇒  Past perfect   >>  tempo verbal usado quando se deseja falar sobre um momento que ocorreu no passado, antes de outro evento acontecer ou que tinha acabado de acontecer.

Estrutura do past perfect

Sujeito + had + verbo no particípio + complemento

John had gone when Lizzy arrived.

Ed had broken his left arm when he was cycling.

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