Question

Natural and instructional settings natural acquisition contexts should be understood as those in which the

Natural and instructional settings

natural acquisition contexts should be understood as those in which the learner
is exposed to the language at work or in social interaction or, if the learner is a child, in
a school situation where most of the other children are native speakers of the target
language and where the instruction is directed toward native speakers rather than
toward learners of the language.
the traditional instruction environment is one where the language is being
taught to a group of second or foreign language learners. in this case, the focus is on
the language itself, rather than on information which is carried by the language. the
teacher’s goal is to see to it that students learn the vocabulary and grammatical rules of
the target language. input is structurally simplified and sequenced. the goal of the
learners in such courses is often to pass an examination rather than to use the
language for daily communicative interaction.
communicative instruction environments also involve learners whose goal is
learning the language itself, but the style of instruction places the emphasis on
interaction, conversation, and the language use, rather than on learning about the
language. the topics which are discussed in the communicative instruction
environment are often topics of general interest to the learner, for example, how to
reply to a classified advertisement from a newspaper. in these classes, the focus
may occasionally be on language itself, but the emphasis is on using the language
rather than talking about it. the language which teachers use for teaching is not
selected on the basis of teaching a specific feature of the language, but on teaching
learners to use the language in a variety of contexts. students’ success in these
courses is often measured in terms of their ability to ‘get things done’ in the second
language, rather than on the accuracy in using certain grammatical features.

questão 4
in this passage, the author’s main objective is
a. consider the difficulties of trying to make classroom environment less
traditional.
b. focus on the advantages of learning a second language in a natural
instructional setting.
c. present and compare the characteristics of the different contexts for second
or foreign language learning.
d. criticize teaching approaches which place emphasis on forming habits
and practicing grammatical structures in isolation.

5) according to the text, what are some of the characteristics of traditional instruction
environments?
1. accuracy tends to be given priority over meaningful interaction.
2. students’ success is, in general, measured through formal assessment tools.
3. there is very little correction because students do not make many mistakes.
4. linguistic items are presented and practiced in isolation, one at a time.
5. the learner observes or participates in many different types of language events.
select the alternative which contains the correct sequence from top to bottom.
a. 1 - 2 - 4
b. 2 - 3 - 5
c. 2 - 3 - 4
d. 1 - 3 - 5

6)according to the text, what are some of the characteristics of communicative
instruction environments?
1. the learner is surrounded by the language for many hours each day.
2. a variety of discourse types are introduced through stories, role playing, etc.
3. students often feel great pressure to speak or write correctly in the second
language from the very beginning.
4. there is the use of ‘real life’ materials, such as newspapers and television
broadcasts.
5. input is made comprehensible by the use of contextual cues, rather than through
structural
grading.
select the alternative which contains the correct sequence from top to bottom.
a. 1 - 3 - 5
b. 2 - 4 - 5
c. 1 - 3 - 4
d. 2 - 3 - 5

7)select the correct alternative.
which of the following ideas are discussed in the text?
a. there is evidence that learners have difficulty with basic structures of the
language in programs which offer no form-focused instruction.
b. in communicative language teaching classrooms, meaning is emphasized over
form.
c. successful learners have generally had exposure to the foreign language
outside the classroom.
d. teachers should try to become more aware of the principles which guide
teachers in their language teaching methods and techniques.

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